व्यापारघाटा कम गर्ने उपाय

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rfn" cf=j= @)&).&! sf] k|yd ^ dlxgfdf s'n j:t' cfoft @#=! k|ltztn] a9]/ ?= ### ca{ (! s/f]8 k'u]sf] s'/f g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 .  o;}u/L o; cjlwdf s'n j:t' lgof{t !% k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= $% ca{ !$ s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 .  h;sf] sf/0f s'n Jofkf/3f6f @$=$ k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= @** ca{ ^* s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 .  o:tf] Jofkf/3f6f /sd rfn" cf=j=df ?= ^)) ca{ k'Ug] cg'dfg 5 .  o; l:yltdf Jofkf/3f6f sd ug{] pkfosf] vf]hL x'g lgtfGt h?/L ePsf] 5 .

Jofkf/3f6f Go"g ug{ lgsf;L j[l4 ug{'kg{] / cfoft k|lt:yfkg ug{'kg{] x'G5 .  hxfF;Dd] lgsf;L j[l4 ug{] s'/f 5, o;df g]kfn Jofkf/ PsLs[t /0fgLlt, @)!) df !@ j6f j:t' / ;ftj6f ;]jfnfO{ lgsf;Lof]Uo egL klxrfg ul/Psf] 5 .  ;f]xL cg'¿k ltgsf] pTkfbg j[l4 ug{], b]zut ljljwLs/0f ug{], cfly{s s"6gLltsf] dfWodåf/f cGt/{fli6«o ahf/ vf]hL ug{], ;/sf/s} tkm{af6 ljleGg d'n'sdf 6«]8dfs{ bt{f ul/lbg] / k|To]s j:t'sf] sDtLdf jfif{ls ?= Ps ca{sf b/n] lgsf;L x'g] k|aGw u/L s'ndf jflif{s ?= !)) ca{sf] lgsf;L k'¥ofpg] xfd|f] k|f/lDes nIodf xfdLnfO{ c;kmntf xft k/]sf] 5 .  rfn" cf=j=sf] k|yd 5 dlxgfdf klxrfg ul/Psf !@ j6f j:t'dWo] rfFbLsf uxgf Pj+ ltgsf ;fdu|L, cb'jf / bfnsf] lgsf;L 36]sf] 5 .  cGo gf} j6f j:t'sf] lgsf;L a9] klg ?= !)) ca{sf] lgsf;L k'Ug] l:ylt b]lvGg .  o;df ;a}eGbf nfhdbf]{] / b'MvnfUbf] kIf t s] eg] g]kfn s[lifk|wfg b]z eP/ klg d'Vo vfBfGg rfdn, ds} / ux'Fs} cfoft kl/0ffd j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .

xl/of] t/sf/L, kmnkm"n, df5f / df;'s} a9\bf] cfoftn] g]kfnsf] Jofkf/3f6f a9fpFb}5 .  xfn ;/sf/n] @) jif{] Plu|sNr/ 8]enkd]G6 :6«f6]hL nfu" u/]sf] 5 .  tyflk s[lif pTkfbgd} d'n's cfTdlge{/ x'g] u/L nlIft sfo{qmd / pTkfbg j[l4sf nflu Kofs]h sfo{qmd ;kmn¿kdf sfo{fGjog ug{ g;Sg] xf] eg] of] d'n's Jofkf/3f6fsf] b'irqmaf6 aflx/ lg:sg g;Sg] k|i6} x'G5 .

 xfn Jofkf/3f6f a9fpg 7"nf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{] cfoftdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{, lgd{f0f ;fdu|L / cf}iflw cu|:yfgdf kb{5g\ .  ;sf/fTds ¿kdf ljZn]if0f ubf{ k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] a9\bf] cfoftn] dflg;sf] cfjt–hfjtnfO{ ;xh t'Nofpg], j:t'sf] 9'jfgLdf k|efjsfl/tf cfpg] / ;du|df cfy{ls lqmofsnfk j[l4 x'g] b]lvG5 .  o;}u/L lgd{f0f ;fdu|Ldf ljz]ifu/L kmnfd, l;d]G6 h:tf j:t'sf] cfoft cTolws 5 .  o:n] d'n'sleq ljsf;–lgd{f0fsf] sfd eO/x]sf] ;+s]t ub{5 . cf}iflwsf] cfoftn] cfdhgtfsf] :jf:Yod} ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt u/]sf] 5 t/ d'n'ssf] Jofkf/3f6f j[l4 ug{ ;3fpg] u/L cTolws¿kdf dlb/fhGo j:t', ;'tL{hGo j:t' / r'/f]6sf] cfoft, ljnfl;tfsf ;fdfg / >[+uf/sf ;fdu|Lsf] cfoftnfO{ eg] lgoGq0f ug{}kg{] dx;"; x'G5 .  o:tf j:t'sf] pkof]unfO{ afgL kfg{ pTkfbs sDkgLx¿ z'?df ;:tf] d"Nodf ;fdfg ljqmL ug{] gLlt clVtof/ ub{5g\ .  g]kfn ljZj Jofkf/ ;+u7gsf] ;b:o eP klg xfdLn] PG6L 8lDkª n lgdf{0f ug{ ;s]sf 5}gf}+ .  ;fy} cfofltt j:t'af6 g]kfnL pBf]usf] pTkfbgnfO{ k|ToIf c;/ k'¥ofPdf To:tf j:t'nfO{ g]kfnL j:t';/xsf] l:yltdf Nofpg nufpg'kg{] sfpG6/ e]lnª l8p6L klg xfdL;Fu 5}g .  o:tf sfg"gL pkrf/sf] k|aGw ;dod} u/L d'n'ssf] Jofkf/3f6fnfO{ a9\g lbg' x'Fb}g .

g]kfndf Jofkf/3f6f a9fpg ;3fpg] cGo j:t'df ;'gsf] cfoft klg k5{ .  jif{]gL #)=$) ca{sf] ;'g cfoft x'g], o;sf] lgoGq0fdf sf]6f nufPdf jf eG;f/ dxz'n a9fPdf v'nf l;dfgfaf6 t:s/L x'g] ;d:ofaf6 xfdL u'lh|/x]sf 5f}+ .  o;}u/L of] d'n'sdf jif{]gL tLgb]lv kfFr ca{sf] ;'kf/L cfoft eO/x]sf] 5 .  ;'kf/Lsf] vkt / u'8\sf pBf]usf nflu rflxg] sRrf kbfy{sf] t'ngfdf of] cfoft kl/0ffd a9L g} /x]sf] :ki6} 5 .  o; cltl/Qm g]kfn kf]N6«L / 8]/L k|8S6df cfTdlge{/ ePtf klg tL j:t' klg cfoft x'g' / v'nf cy{gLltsf] gfddf To:tf j:t'sf] cfoft /f]Sg] gLlt klg gx'g' :jo+df lj8Dagfsf] ljifo xf] .  jif{]lg g]kfndf b"w, dx, n;'g, Kofh cflbsf] k}7f/L klg pNn]Vo kl/0ffdd} x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 .  cf}krfl/s Jofkf/af6 b]lvPsf] tYof+ssf cfwf/df ljZn]if0f ul//xFbf cgf}krfl/s Jofkf/ cy{ft v'nf l;dfgfdf eO/x]sf] t:s/Laf6 s] slt kl/0ffddf g]kfnleq cfoft eO/x]sf] 5 egL cf+sng ug{ sl7g 5 .  o;y{ g]kfnsf] ljsf; / g]kfnL j:t'sf] d'n'sleq vkt j[l4 ug{] dfq} Wo]on] klg v'nf l;dfgfnfO{ Xjf+u} gu/L Jojl:yt ug{'kg{] :ki6 cg'e"lt x'G5 .

    g]kfn e"kl/j]li6t d'n's ePsfn] xfd|f] 9'jfgL ef8f dxFuf] kg{' :jfefljs} xf] .  h;sf sf/0f cGt/{fli6«o ahf/df g]kfnL j:t'n] cGo d'n'ssf] j:t';Fu d"No / u'0f:t/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{ sl7gfO kg{' :jfefljs} xf] .  o;y{ xfd|f] lgsf;L sDk/]l6e P8efG6]h ePsf j:t'df s]lG›t ug{'k5{ .  dn]l;of, yfONofG8 / OG8f]g]l;ofaf6 kfd cfon cfoft u/L g]kfndf £o" t]n pBf]u ;~rfng u/L ;f] j:t' ef/tnufotsf d'n'sdf lgsf;L ug{] ;f]rsf] ;§f g]kfnsf] o;f{u'Daf, kfFrcf}+n] h:tf h8La'6Lsf] lgsf;Ldf hf]8 lbg' k5{ .  g]kfndf pTkfbg eO/x]sf] cuf{lgs lrof / skmLsf] lgsf;Lsf] kl/0ffd a9fpg'k5{ .  ljZjd} lrlgPsf] g]kfnsf] xft] tfgdf a'g]sf] un}+rf / g]kfnL klZdgfsf] lgsf;Ldf g]kfnL b"tfjf;x¿n] k'; ;]n sf] kxn ug{'k5{ .  ljZjljVoft g]kfnL x:tsnfsf ;fdu|L, g]kfnL sfuh, yf+sf, d"t{lsnf, lrqsnf, sfi7snf / ltgsf] ;fdu|Lsf] lgsf;L j[l4 ug{'k5{ .  k|s[ltn] g]kfndf ljljw hnjfo' lbPsfn] a]df};dL xl/of] t/sf/L / kmnkm"n, lr;f] kfgLdf pTkfbg x'g] pRr d"Nosf] 6«fp6 df5f, pRr lxdfnL If]qdf df;'hGo hgfj/sf] kmfd{ ;~rfng / dx pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbPdf d'n'ssf] lgsf;L a9\g ;Qm5 .  df]6/ / df]6/;fOsnsf] P;]Dan pBf]unfO{ @% / %) k|ltzt cGtMz'Nsdf 5'6 lbg], 6]lnlehgnufotsf kf6k"hf{ lkml6ª u/L ;~rfng x'g] pBf]unfO{ sRrf kbfy{sf] cfoftdf pBf]u;/xsf] 5'6 lbg], ls;fgn] pv' ljqmLdf d"No kfpg eg]/ lrgL ldnnfO{ &) k|ltzt d"No clej[l4 s/ 5'6 lbg], df]afOnsf] rf]/L k}7f/L a9Øf] eg]/ cfoftstf{nfO{ ^) k|ltzt 5'6 lbg] h:tf gLlt cNk ;dosf nflu hf/L ePsf x'g\ .  o:tf gLltsf] ;dod} k'g/jnf]sg ug{'k5{ .

g]kfnaf6 h8La'6L sRrfkbfy{sf ¿kdf lgsf;L x'g] / To;af6 lgd{f0f ePsf cf}iflw dxFuf] d"Nodf g]kfn lelqg] u/]sf] 5 .  o;}u/L g]kfnaf6 cb'jf lgsf;L x'g] / To;sf] ;'7f] Pj+ lk7f] ag]/ Kofs]lhªsf ¿kdf kfFr bf]Aa/ d"No clej[l4 eP/ g]kfn cfoft x'g] >[+vnf a9]/ uPsf] 5 . o;y{ g]kfnleq s[lif pTkfbgsf] k|f];]l;ª pBf]u / Kofs]lhª pBf]u gv'n'Gh]n g]kfnsf] Jofkf/3f6fnfO{ sd u/fpg ;lsGg .  csf{] s'/f g]kfnL pTkfbgsf] u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug{'kg{] / ;f] sf] ;6L{lkms]6 hf/L ug{ cfw'lgs k|of]uzfnf v'Ng h?/L 5 . 

d'n'ssf] jt{dfg cfly{s l:ylt cg';f/ zf]wgfGt/ art ?= && ca{ !( s/f]8 /x]sf] / ?= ^@$ ca{ ^) s/f]8 a/fa/sf] ljb]zL d'›fsf] ;l~rlt /x]af6 tTsfn} Jofkf/3f6fsf] c+s b]v]/ tl;{g'kg{] l:ylt b}lv+b}g t/ /]ld6ØfG;, k]G;g / afXo cg'bfgaf6 lelq/x]sf] ljb]zL d'›fsf] ;|f]tnfO{ lbuf] dfGg ;lsGg .  cf=j= @)%(.^) b]lv @)^(.&) sf] bz jif{sf] tYof+s lgofNbf o; cjlwdf ?= %# ca{sf] lgsf;L ?= &^ ca{ k'u]sf] t/ ?= !#^ ca{sf] k}7f/L ?= %%& ca{ k'u]sf] sxfnLnfUbf] tl:j/ xfd|f] ;fd' b]vfkb{5 .  o; l:yltdf Jofkf/3f6f sd ug{ ;jf/L ;fwg / k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfoft lgoGq0f ug{}k5{ . pTkfbg a9fpg nf]8;]l8ª sd ug{'kg{], s[ifsnfO{ l;+rfO, dn / pGgt hftsf aLplahg Pj+ s[lif pks/0fdf ;x'lnot lbg'kg{] b]lvG5 . o:tf ;a} ljifodf ljZn]if0f u/L pko'Qm gLlt th{'df, sfof{Gjog / ;dGjo ug{ tTsfn Pp6f pRr:t/Lo clwsf/ ;DkGg 6fS; kmf];{ u7g ug{ l9nf ug{ gx'g] b]lvG5 .